What is endoscopy?
Endoscopy is an instrumental method of examining internal organs using a flexible optical endoscope device. Video endoscopes are equipped with a high-resolution digital video camera, a lighting device and an operating channel through which tools for biopsy are inserted. The image is displayed on the monitor.
This procedure allows to perform a detailed examination, detect diseases and disorders, perform surgery and take tissue samples for testing. The endoscopy has a wide range of use.
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Different endoscopes and different penetration methods are used in different medical areas:
- gastroduodenoscopes are used for the endoscopy of the stomach, the upper digestive tract and the duodenum. The device is introduced through the patient’s mouth or nose into the esophagus, and then goes into the stomach;
- colonoscopes are inserted through the patient’s anus. This procedure is painful, so it is performed under anesthesia;
- bronchoscopy is performed by inserting a thin endoscope through the patient’s nose, larynx and vocal cords into the trachea, then the bronchi are examined from the inside. This method is used at bronchitis, pneumonia, and also to detect possible tumors;
- endoscopy of renal duct is performed by introducing the endoscope into the urinary tract;
- endoscopy of the nasopharynx is used to diagnose polyps, at complaints of bleeding and difficulty in nasal breathing;
- endoscopy of vessels, heart or brain is possible as well.
Depending on the endoscopy type, the preparation methods and contraindications will differ. For example, you should not eat for twelve hours before a colonoscopy, and in case of a gastric endoscopy you should not drink as well.
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